Jeff, collagen itself is too big to penetrate skin. Hydrolyzed collagen is chopped off into tiny pieces that can penetrate skin, but it’s unlikely they can get involved in the skin’s collagen framework to influence it. So I still stand by my opinion that collagen in topical skincare is just a moisturiser. But this treatment doesn’t use collagen alone. My guess is the peptides did most of the work. Peptides are tricky because most of the research on them comes from the manufacturer, but when people use them they usually see results. Will have to wait until the science catches up to have a proper verdict. I honestly didn’t expect this treatment to work so well, but I didn’t make any other changes in my skin/diet/skincare routine, so there’s obviously something here!